Category Archives: Exams
Biology 30: Unit VI and VII
Porifera and Cnidaria
Part I True or False: Correct the false statements.
- Both Poriferans and Cnidarians live in aquatic environments. ____________
- Poriferans have two distinct tissue layers. _________
- Cnidarians have a psuedocoloem. __________
- Poriferans spend most of their life as a mobile larvae. __________
- Nematocysts are specialized digestive cells. _________
- Poriferans have radial symmetry. _________
- The medusa is the mobile stage of many __________
Part II: Clearly describe TWO ways in which the Porifera and Cnidaria are different
Part III: List and describe two methods of asexual reproduction in Sponges.
Part IV: Describe the sexual life cyle of a Cnidarian.
Part VI: Define the following terms:
- Collar cell
- Spicule
- Polyp
- Sessile
Worms and Starfish
Part I : Flat Worms
What symmetry is found in all flat worms ?
Do flat worms have a coelom ?
What is meant by a parasitic lifestyle ?
Par II: Nematodes:
Nematodes have a distinctive difference from the flat worms. Describe the differences between the flat worms and the round worms. ( Do not just say one is round and one is flat.
Part IV : Annelids
Describe a distinctive feature of the annelids and give an example of an organism that shows this feature.
Part V: Molluscs
Describe two distinctive features of the Molluscs
Part VI: Echinoderms
True or False: Correct the false statements.
- Echinoderms have a distinctive head. __________
- Echinoderms have a mesodermal skeleton__________
- The larval stage of Echinoderms are radially symmetrical _________
- Sea urchins belong to the Class Asteroidea ________
- Many Echinoderms are predatory. __________
- Sea cucumbers are Echinoderms. _________
Arthropoda
Part I General features of the Arthropoda
True or False: Correct the False statements.
- All Arthropods have an internal skeleton similar to echinoderms. __________
- Arthropods have an increased capacity to move due to jointed appendages. ________
- Some Arthropods have developed the ability to fly. _________
- Arthropods have a closed circulatory system. ___________
- The main body plan of Arthropods consist of a head, coelom, and abdomen. _________
Part III: Arthropod classes: For each of the following classes:
- Give an example
- Describe the key identifying features
- Arachnida
- Chilopoda
- Crustacea
- Insecta
- Diplopoda
Chordata
Part I List three things common to all Chordates
Part II: True or False: Correct all false statements
- Urochordata include the hagfish and lampreys. ___________
- Lancelets are aquatic gill breathing simple vertebrates. _________
- The Agnathans are known as jawless fish. _________
- Sharks and rays have bony skeletons. __________
- The development of the amniotic egg was first seen in the reptiles. _________
- Warm blooded organisms are found in the Osteichthes. __________
- Aves have a hard shelled egg. _________
- Mammalians have a three chambered heart. ____________
- Aquatic and terrestrial stages are found in the Monotremes. _______
- Mammals are covered in scales and nurse their young. ________
Part III: Chordate Class overview: For each of the Chordate classes listed state the following information.
- An example
- Two distinctive defining features
- Reptilia
- Chondrichtheyes
- Mammalia
- Aves
- e) Amphibia
MGT323 project management
- Describe the different phases of Project Management. Explain
- Why Scheduling is important in Project Planning. Explain
- How Project Managers handle Risk in Projects explain.
- Risk in Projects bring Opportunities as well Threats. Explain
- Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
- APA References
Information Technology
You must submit two separate copies (one Word file and one PDF file) using the Assignment Template on
Blackboard via the allocated folder. These files must not be in compressed format.
• It is your responsibility to check and make sure that you have uploaded both the correct files.
• Zero mark will be given if you try to bypass the SafeAssign (e.g. misspell words, remove spaces between
words, hide characters, use different character sets, convert text into image or languages other than English
or any kind of manipulation).
• Email submission will not be accepted.
• You are advised to make your work clear and well-presented. This includes filling your information on the cover
page.
• You must use this template, failing which will result in zero mark.
• You MUST show all your work, and text must not be converted into an image, unless specified otherwise by
the question.
• Late submission will result in ZERO mark.
• The work should be your own, copying from students or other resources will result in ZERO mark.
• Use Times New Roman font for all your answers.
Pg. 01 Question One
Question One
What is the difference between the registers in the CPU and main memory, in term of
purpose?)
Learning
Outcome(s):
CLO4.
Analyze the
relationship
between
computer system
structure and
performance.
2 Marks
Pg. 02 Question Two
Question Two
Based on the LMC program below and the table of op codes given in slides.
a) What is the first number placed in the out basket?
b) Change DAT in mailbox 18 to 10, What is the first number placed in the out basket?
Mailbox Contents
00 517
01 218
02 902
03 705
04 601
05 000
……………..
17 80 DAT
18 7 DAT
Learning
Outcome(s):
CLO3.
Develop
assembly
language
programs.
2 Marks
Pg. 03 Question Three
Question Three
Perform the following operations using 2’s Complement in a 5-bit register:
Explain all the steps.
1. – 0011 – 0101 (addition of 2 negative numbers)
2. – 0111 – 0010 (addition of 2 negative numbers)
Socket programming using python
Socket programming:
Write the answers to the below questions and submit the code in different files.
1. What are sockets?
2. What is socket programming?
3. Why should I learn socket programming?
4. why did my instructor never discuss about socket programming in the class slides but asking me
to do this assignment?
5. Create server and client sides of socket programming using Python.
6. Send the below message from the server side to the client side.
Message from the server to the client.
“Yaaaay!!!! I love CSCI-434-02W because the course instructor is really awesome : – )
Submission expectation:
You should upload the client file and server-side file separately in the assignment. one file should be
there for the 1-4 questions
AEE 360. Aerodynamics.
Compare the zero-lift angle you found for the NACA 4412 a) in the laboratory1
, and b) in homework
assignment #3, to that predicted by thin-airfoil theory. The equations for the camber line of a
NACA 4-digit series airfoil are:
Zc(x) = m
p
2
(2px x
2
) for x < p (1)
Zc(x) = m
(1 p)
2
[(1 2p) + 2px x
2
] for x > p (2)
For these equations, m is the maximum ordinate of the camber line (the actual maximum camber)
expressed as a fraction of the chord, and p is the chordwise position of the maximum ordinate
expressed as a fraction of the chord. For example, for the NACA 4412, m = 0:04 and p = 0:4: Note
that, in the above equations, both Zc and x are made dimensionless by the airfoil chord. You may
wish to consult example 6.2 in the textbook to aid in solving this problem. Discuss the validity of
thin-airfoil theory for determining the lift-curve slope and the zero-lift angle of attack.
2. Use the thin-airfoil theory to Önd the center of pressure (as a function of lift coe¢ cient) and the
moment coe¢ cient about the aerodynamic center for the NACA 4412. Plot the center of pressure
location vs. c` (be sure to include negative values for lift coe¢ cient). Discuss your result.
3. In some situations, it is necessary for an airfoil to have a positive moment about the aerodynamic
center but to also generate positive lift at = 0. This type of airfoil could have a camberline given
by a cubic equation:
Zc = kx(x 1)(x b)
where Zc and x have been made dimensionless by the airfoil chord and k and b are dimensionless
constants.
(a) Find the lower limit on b; that is, what is the minimum value for b that would make c` positive
at = 0?
(b) Find the upper limit on b; that is, what is the maximum value for b that would make cma c
positive?
(c) For a value of b that gives c` = 0 at = 0, plot the camberline. Discuss the similarities and
di§erences between this camberline and a ìnormalî camberline, and explain why this airfoil
has positive moment coe¢ cient about the aerodynamic center at = 0. (Recall that an airfoil
with ìnormalîcamber, such as the NACA 4412, has negative moment about the aerodynamic
center.)
Note that your integration may be easier if you use the identity cos2
=
1
2
(1 + cos 2).
4. Alter the MATLAB code you have been using throughout the semester for lift and drag calculations
to also calculate the moment coe¢ cient about the quarter-chord. Note that, for a “thick” airfoil,
pressure forces in both x and z directions produce a moment:
mc=4 =
Z
airfoil
(x xc=4
)p dx +
Z
airfoil
zp dz
Make the above equation dimensionless to Önd cmc=4
. Use the TACAA data for the NACA 4412 at
= 6
through = 15
, and run your code to calculate and plot the cmc=4
vs. angle of attack.
1
If you are not taking AEE 361, use Z L =
Economics
1. Assumption:
Assume that doing nothing is not a viable alternative.
2. Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth Analysis:
The purchase list price of large bulldozer, P = $680,000
The salvage value after 4 years = $340,000
The salvage value after 8 years = $170,000
Life period = 8 years
a. Option 1:
Pay in full at the time of sale at the amount equal to the list price less a 3% discount for paying in
cash.
Initial cost = $680,000*(1 – 0.03) = $659,600
Initial Cost = $659,600
In the option 1 there are further two options:
i. Use for 4 years:
Uniform Annual cost of Initial Purchasing cost = $659,600*(A/P, 18%, 4) = $245,199.7
Operating and Maintenance Cost = $20,000 first year increase by 10% each year
Convert the increasing cost into uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost
Uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost = A1(
1−(
1+?
1+?
)^?
?−?
)*(A/P, 18%, 4) where j is
rate of increasing
= $20,000*(
1− (
1+0.1
1+0.18)^4
0.18−0.1
) ∗ (0.37174) = $22,753.6
Uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost = $22,753.6
Insurance each year = $9,400
20% of rental income (Cost) = 0.2*$250,000 = $50,000
Annual Income = $250,000
Salvage value at the end of four year = $340,000
2
Uniform annual Salvage value = $340,000*(A/F, 18%, 4) =
Uniform annual Salvage value = $65,191.6
Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth = $250,000 + $65,191.6 – $50,000 – $9,400 – $22,754 –
$245,199.7 = – $12,162.1
Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth = (– $12,162.1)
ii. Use for 8 years:
Uniform Annual cost of Initial Purchasing cost = $659,600*(A/P, 18%, 8) = $161,760.3
Operating and Maintenance Cost = $20,000 first year increase by 10% each year
Convert the increasing cost into uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost
Uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost = A1(
1−(
1+?
1+?
)^?
?−?
)*(A/P, 18%, 8) where j is
rate of increasing
= $20,000*(
1− (
1+0.1
1+0.18)^8
0.18−0.1
) ∗ (0.24524) = $26,346.4
Uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost = $26,346.4
Insurance each year = $9,400
20% of rental income (Cost) = 0.2*$250,000 = $50,000
Annual Income = $250,000
Salvage value at the end of four year = $340,000
Uniform annual Salvage value = $170,000*(A/F, 18%, 8) = $11,090.8
Uniform annual Salvage value = $11,090.8
Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth = $250,000 + $11,090.8 – $50,000 – $9,400 – $26,346.4 –
$161,760.3 = $13,584.1
Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth = $13,584.1
3
b. Option 2:
Pay for the new bulldozer with the eight-year loan. In this case, Art also would be required to
make
Initial Payment = 0.25*680,000 = $170,000
Uniform annual remaining purchasing cost = ($680,000 – $170,000) *(A/P, 12%, 8)
Uniform annual remaining purchasing cost = $510,000*0.21030 = $102,663
Total Uniform Annual of purchasing cost = $170,000*(A/P, 18%, 8) + $102,663
Total Uniform Annual of purchasing cost = $144,353.8
Operating and Maintenance Cost = $20,000 first year increase by 10% each year
Convert the increasing cost into uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost
Uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost = A1(
1−(
1+?
1+?
)^?
?−?
)*(A/P, 18%, 8) where j is
rate of increasing
= $20,000*(
1− (
1+0.1
1+0.18)^8
0.18−0.1
) ∗ (0.24524) = $26,346.4
Uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost = $26,346.4
Insurance each year = $9,400
20% of rental income (Cost) = 0.2*$250,000 = $50,000
Annual Income = $250,000
Salvage value at the end of four year = $340,000
Uniform annual Salvage value = $170,000*(A/F, 18%, 8) = $11,090.8
Uniform annual Salvage value = $11,090.8
Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth = $250,000 + $11,090.8 – $50,000 – $9,400 – $26,346.4 –
$144,353.8 = $30,990.6
Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth = $30,990.6
4
c. Option 3:
Lease a new bulldozer for a four-year term at a cost of $136,000 per year, each year paid in
advance.
Since lease cost paid in advance so the cost at the end of period = $136,000*(F/P, 18%, 1) =
$160,480
Operating and Maintenance Cost = $20,000 first year increase by 10% each year
Convert the increasing cost into uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost
Uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost = A1(
1−(
1+?
1+?
)^?
?−?
)*(A/P, 18%, 4) where j is
rate of increasing
= $20,000*(
1− (
1+0.1
1+0.18)^4
0.18−0.1
) ∗ (0.37174) = $22,753.6
Uniform annual Operating and Maintenance Cost = $22,753.6
Insurance each year = $9,400
20% of rental income (Cost) = 0.2*$250,000 = $50,000
Annual Income = $250,000
Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth = $250,000 – $50,000 – $9,400 – $160,480-$22,753.6 =
$30,120
Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth = $7,366.4
3. Recommendation:
Option 2 is best option with Equivalent Uniform annual worth of $30,990.6. So, option 2 is the
most profitable. In addition, option 1 in period of eight years is the best alternative for option 2.
vertical motion
A race car accelerates from rest to a velocity of 69 m s-1 at a constant rate of 19 m s-2. The mass of the race car is 1100 kg.
To answer the questions on the right, you will need to apply the equations of linear acceleration, force and momentum.
QUESTION AT POSITION 7
71 point
QUESTION AT POSITION 8
81 point
QUESTION AT POSITION 9
91 point
CPEG 585 – Assignment #3 Derivative and Gaussian based Convolution Filters
In the previous assignment, we examined simple convolution filters that can be designed to do
low pass, high pass filtering. The high pass filtered image can be combined with the original
image to accomplish sharpening. We also derived first derivative based filters using the Taylor
series expansion around a given pixel to approximate the first derivates in the X and Y
directions (Gx and Gy). Combining the Gx and Gy led to the Sobel filter. In this assignment, first
we will take a look at the second derivative approximation around a given pixel. Again, we will
use the Taylor series to approximate the second derivative of the image in terms of the values
of the neighboring pixels. The second derivative based filter is referred to as the Laplacian filter,
and often results in better change or edge detection.
Development of kernel for the Laplacian Filter:
Taylor series expansion in two dimensions up to the second derivative is given by:
?(? ± ∆?, ? ± ∆?) = ?(?, ?) ± ∆?
??
??
± ∆?
??
??
+ 0.5(∆?)
2 ?
2?
??
2+0.5(∆?)
2 ?
2?
??2
Where ?(?, ?) is the value of a pixel and ? ??? ? are the horizontal and vertical
coordinates of the pixel. ?(? ± ∆?, ? ± ∆?) is some pixel in the local neighborhood of the
center pixel ?(?, ?) and (∆?, ∆?) are the integer offsets of the neighborhood pixel from the
center pixel. In a 3 × 3 neighborhood, the offsets are ±1 as shown below.
(±∆?, ±∆?) = [
(−1, +1) (0, +1) (+1, +1)
(−1, 0) (0, 0) (+1, 0)
(−1, −1) (0, 1) (+1, −1)
]
In a 5 × 5 neighborhood, the closest pixel will have offsets of ±1 and the outer pixels in the
neighborhood will have offsets of ±2.
The terms ??
??
and ??
??
are the ? and ? are the first derivative filtered images and the terms
?
2?
??
2
and ?
2?
??2
are the ? ??? ? second derivative filtered images.
The definitions for the Gradient and Laplacian filtered images are as follows:
Gradient (Magnitude) Filtered Image√(
??
??)
2
+ (
??
??)
2
Laplacian Filtered Image =
?
2?
??2 +
?
2?
??2
2
To come up with the Laplacian kernel, we can take a look at a 3×3 pixel window and do the
Taylor series expansion for each of the pixel left, bottom, right and top (shown in bold below)
with respect to the center pixel, we will come up with the following four equations.
(±∆?, ±∆?) = [
(−1, +1) (?, +?) (+1, +1)
(−?, ?) (0, 0) (+?, ?)
(−1, −1) (?, −?) (+1, −1)
]
?(? − 1, ?) = ?(?, ?) −
??
??
+ 0.5
?
2?
??
2
(1)
?(?, ? − 1) = ?(?, ?) −
??
??
+ 0.5
?
2?
??2
(2)
?(? + 1, ?) = ?(?, ?) +
??
??
+ 0.5
?
2?
??
2
(3)
?(?, ? + 1) = ?(?, ?) +
??
??
+ 0.5
?
2?
??2
(4)
If we add these four equations, we notice that the first derivatives cancel out and we are left
with
Sum of Four neighbors = 4?(?, ?) +
?
2?
??
2 +
?
2?
??2
Or:
Laplacian Filtered Image =?
2?
??
2 +
?
2?
??2 = ???? ????ℎ???? − 4?(?, ?)
Which results in a kernel of
Laplacian Filter= ?
2
??
2 +
?
2
??2 = [
0 1 0
1 −4 1
0 1 0
]
4-neighbor Laplacian Filter = ?
2
??
2 +
?
2
??2 = [
0 −1 0
−1 4 −1
0 −1 0
]
Similarly an eight neighbor Laplacian filter can be developed to yield a kernel of:
8-neighbor Laplacian Filter = ?
2
??
2 +
?
2
??2 = [
−1 −1 −1
−1 8 −1
−1 −1 −1
]
Problem #1: Derive the 8-neighbor Laplacian filter kernel. Show all the equations.
3
Problem #2: Write a Python function that returns the 2-d Gaussian kernel with specified standard
deviation and kernel size. Then test the Gaussian kernel convolution on an image with different values
of standard deviation.
Partial Solution: 2-d Gaussian is defined as:
The 2-d Gaussian function appears as:
Note that a Gaussian kernel behaves as a low pass filter. This is because, the Fourier transform of a
Gaussian function is a Gaussian itself with the standard deviation getting inverted in the frequency
domain as shown for a 1-d signal below.
Thus if you choose a high standard deviation in the pixel domain, it will suppress more high frequencies.
You will verify this by writing the Python program to determine the Gaussian kernel and then doing the
convolution of it with an image by choosing different values of standard deviation.
4
Create a Python application called AdvancedConvolutionFilters. Add a python file to the project called
Utils with the following code in it.
import numpy as np
import math
def compute_gaussian_kernel(kernel_size, sigma):
kernel = np.zeros((kernel_size,kernel_size),dtype=float)
for x in range(-kernel_size//2+1,kernel_size//2+1):
for y in range(-kernel_size//2+1,kernel_size//2+1):
kernel[x+kernel_size//2,y+kernel_size//2] =
(1/(2*math.pi*sigma**2))*math.exp(-((x**2+y**2)/(2*sigma**2)))
kernel = kernel/np.min(kernel)
return kernel, np.sum(kernel)
Note that the sum of the values in the kernel should equal 1 (or 0) so that it does not affect the scale
(contrast) of the image. The sum of the values of the kernel is returned by the above function so that we
can divide each kernel value by it to accomplish sum of kernel values being 1.
Add a file called MyConvolution.py with the following code in it:
import numpy as np
class MyConvolution(object):
def convolve(self, img: np.array, kernel: np.array) -> np.array:
# kernel is assumed to be square
output_size = (img.shape[0]-kernel.shape[0]+1, img.shape[1]-
kernel.shape[0]+1)
output_img = np.zeros((output_size[0],
output_size[1],img.shape[2]),dtype=img.dtype)
kernel_size = kernel.shape[0] # kernel size
for i in range(output_size[0]):
for j in range(output_size[1]):
for k in range(img.shape[2]): # RGB
mat = img[i:i+kernel_size, j:j+kernel_size,k] # values at
current kernel location
mat = mat.reshape((kernel_size,kernel_size))
# do element-wise multiplication and add the result
output_img[i, j, k] = np.clip(np.sum(np.multiply(mat,
kernel)),0,255)
return output_img
Type the following code in Advanced ConvolutionFilters.py to test the convolution with the Gaussian
kernel.
BUSI 2305 Chapter 7 Homework
A uniform distribution is defined over the interval from 6 to 10.
a. What is the value of a and b?
b. What is the mean of this uniform distribution?
c. What is the standard deviation?
d. Show that the probability of any value between 6 and 10 is equal to 1.0
e. What is the probability that the random variable is more than7?
f. What is the probability that the random variable is between 7 and 9?
g. What is the probability that a random variable is equal to 6.52?
2. According to the insurance Institute of America, a family of four spends between $400
and $3800 per year on all types of insurance. Suppose the money spent is uniformly
distributed between these amounts.
a. What is the mean amount spent on insurance?
b. What is the standard deviation of the amount spent?
c. If we select a family at random, what is the probability they spend less than $2000
per year on insurance?
d. What is the probability a family spends more than $3000 per year on insurance?
3. The mean of a normal probability distribution is 500, the standard deviation is 10.
a. About 68% of the observations lie between what two values?
b. About 95% of the observations lie between what two values?
a. About what percent of the observations lie between 470 and 530?
4. The mean salary of workers of a company is $25,000 with a standard deviation of $250.
Calculate the z-score for John’s salary of $24,800
5. The internal revenue service reported that the average refund in 2017 was $2,878 with a
standard deviation of $520. Assume the amount refunded is normally distributed.
a. What percent of the refunds are more than $3,500?
b. What percent of the refunds are between $3,500 and $4,000?
c. What percent of the refunds are less than $2,950?
