Below is an outline of the items for which you will be responsible throughout the week.

READ

DUE: Early in the week

Read the following early in the week to help you respond to the discussion questions and to complete your assignment(s).

Required Textbook Readings

1. 1. 1. Wager, K. A., Glaser, J., & Lee, F. W. (2022). Health Care Information Technology Management .  In Wager, K. A., Glaser, J., & Lee, F. W. (5th Ed.). Health care information systems a practical approach for health care management  (pp 113-142.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass . . – (WO 1,2,3)
      2. Wager, K. A., Glaser, J., & Lee, F. W. (2022). Data Governance and Analytics.  In Wager, K. A., Glaser, J., & Lee, F. W. (5th Ed.). Health care information systems a practical approach for health care management  (pp 237-258.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass . . – (WO 1,2,3)
      3. Wager, K. A., Glaser, J., & Lee, F. W. (2022). Emerging Technology Management.  In Wager, K. A., Glaser, J., & Lee, F. W. (5th Ed.). Health care information systems a practical approach for health care management  (pp 287-306). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass . . – (WO 1,2,3)
      4. Maron, J. (2020). The Shared Responsibility of Implementing Value-based Health Care. Clinical Therapeutics, 42(1), 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.12.005. (WO 1,2,3)
      5. Nokkala, T., & Dahlberg, T. (2019). Empowering citizens through data interoperability – data federation applied to consumer-centric healthcare. Finnish Journal of eHealth and eWelfare, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.23996/fjhw.82599. (WO 1,2,3)
      6. DeCamp, M. (2019). Patients’ Views About Patient Engagement and Representation in Healthcare Governance. Journal of Healthcare Management /, 64(5), 332–346. (WO 1,2,3)

WATCH

DUE: Day 2 (Tuesday)

View the Unit 7 Lecture and Learning Content Video on the following topics:

1. 1. What is Data Governance– (WO 1,2,3)
   2. Data Governance Explained – (WO 1,2,3)

INITIAL DISCOVERY QUESTION

DUE: Day 3 (Wednesday) -32 Points

Initial Discussion Post:  Post your 500-600 word response to the assigned discovery questions (DQ) to the Group Discussion Board.  Access the groups through the “Discussion Board ” link in the left menu bar.  Each student is assigned a discussion question. Locate your assigned group and select its link.  Scroll down to Group Tools and select the Group Discussion Board link. Finally, select your group discussion board and create a thread to post your assignment. Please note: It is recommended to backup your initial discussion post in a Word Document in an event of any technical issues.

Discovery Questions

DQ2 –  Determine and justify if consumers should continue to have a role in data governance to address shared-decision making  based on the known challenges of data literacy. (WO2,3)

Discussion will include the following 4 components:

– Add new information or viewpoints

– Provide context by example, inference, explanation, or comparison

– Critically evaluate discussion content

– Challenge, question, or refute discussion content or accepted knowledge

Unit 7: Learning Content – Improving Data Data Governance

LEARNING CONTENT – Data Governance Explained

Based on the topics covered in this course it is important to consider what may make data governance better. The role of health care professionals and consumers should be considered. It is important to consider if all stakeholders have the same role in maintaining data governance. The video below provides a brief explaination of Data Governance using various industries as they may be applied to healthcare.

Click below to watch the online video.

Watch Video

Data Governance Explained

Duration: 7:47
User: n/a – Added: 5/20/22

IBM Technology (2022, May 5th)  Data Governance Explained [Video File]. YouTube https://youtu.be/24Ki4Ck4Y2E

UNIT 5-7 SELF ASSESSMENT 

Reflect of what you have learned in week 1-7 of the course.  Answer the following questions in 250-300 words based on your own individual learning experience. There should be no collaboration with other students.

1. 1. How do you apply your previous course units into the data exploration, management and governance covered in Unit 5-7?
   2. How would you apply what you learned so far in this course since Unit 5-7 to your professional life if asked to work with data?
   3. What’s your greatest “take away” learning so far in this course for regarding health care data (collection, management, information to knowledge) ? Why?
   4. What unanswered questions remain?

Unit 7: Summary

 WEEKLY WRAP-UP

The course began discussing Health Information Sysems as the tool for data collection, storage and retrieval. Another role is to convert data to information and knowledge. In other units we addressed the importance of data literacy, quality and security of data. In Unit 5 all students had the hands on simulation with an I2B2 database and given the opportunity to present  individuals conversion of data into information and knowledge. Each of you has shown that there is not one way in which the task can be done. In the final unit we took a closer look at governance and data management which is dependent on data literacy, data quality and security.

Through the completion of this course you have gained knowledge and skills in key area of Health Informatics presented as the American Medical Informatics (AMIA) domains in the field of Health Informatics. The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) provides information about the knowledge and skills required by a  Health Informatics Professional.

The AMIA domains covered in this course include the following:

• F2 Information Science and Technology 

F2: Demonstrate fundamental knowledge of information science concepts; methods and tools to locate, interpret, synthesize and integrate information; and how these methods and tools influence the evolution of health care data into knowledge.

• F4 Health Information Science and Technology

F4 #1: Demonstrate the appropriate application of healthcare information technology and systems thinking; methods and tools and standards to analyze, design, develop and implement solutions to address specific healthcare systems challenges.  (how to move data around etc design a solution)

F4#2: Demonstrate the appropriate application of methods, tools, and computational thinking to collect, organize, visualize, integrate data and to design and develop systems that address stakeholders needs and environment context.   (now that you have a solution, turning the information to knowledge)

• F6 Social, Behavioral Aspects of Health

F6# 2  Demonstrate the ability to consider role of social determinants, patient generated data and informed decision-making to improve health outcomes.

• F10. Leadership

F10 #2: Demonstrate behaviors and effective communication to motivate, direct and guide stakeholders, building collaborations throughout the organization and bringing resources to projects, programs, and people to accomplish a health informatics vision.

1. Read Chapters 9, 10, 11 & 12 of the textbook.

1. What are the main principles for User Interface Design? Describe any one of the principles in detail.

3. Name the basic principles of output design.

1. Name different System architectures, give examples of each.

5. Name the three different types of Clouds. How do they differ from each other?

Name the different Cloud Services and briefly describe each of them

1. Create a class CellPhone with following fields: (see AccountRecord.java)

String model,  manufacturer,  double retailPrice

Add Constructors, Accessors and Mutators.

2. Create another class CellPhoneList to store Cellphone objects in an ArrayList. This class can be used to serialize cellphones into an XML file.(see AccountRecords.java)

3. Create a program CellPhoneStoreApp.java (see Lab_5_Help.java) with menu options as shown below:

Sample Run

——–Menu Selections——-

1 – Create cell phones and write in text file

2 – Display cell phones from text file

3 – Create cell phones and write in xml file

4 – Display cell phones from xml file

5 – Exit

? 1

Creating cellphone objects and write into txt file…

cellphone list stored in txt file.

——–Menu Selections——-

1 – Create cell phones and write in text file

2 – Display cell phones from text file

3 – Create cell phones and write in xml file

4 – Display cell phones from xml file

5 – Exit

? 2

Reading cellphone list from txt file

Model               Manufacturer        retail price

Pixel1              Google                  899.99

11                  Apple                   499.99

13                  Apple                  1009.99

S21                 SamSung                 600.00

Xperia              Sony                    614.22

——–Menu Selections——-

1 – Create cell phones and write in text file

2 – Display cell phones from text file

3 – Create cell phones and write in xml file

4 – Display cell phones from xml file

5 – Exit

? 3

creating cellphone objects and store in XML file…

cellphone list stored in XML file.

——–Menu Selections——-

1 – Create cell phones and write in text file

2 – Display cell phones from text file

3 – Create cell phones and write in xml file

4 – Display cell phones from xml file

5 – Exit

? 4

Reading cell phone list from XML file…

Model               Manufacturer        retail price

Pixel 6             Google                  899.99

iPhone 11 Pro       Apple                   499.99

iPhone 13 Pro       Apple                  1009.99

Galaxy S21 5G       SamSung                 600.00

Sony Xperia 5 III   Sony                    614.22

——–Menu Selections——-

1 – Create cell phones and write in text file

2 – Display cell phones from text file

3 – Create cell phones and write in xml file

4 – Display cell phones from xml file

5 – Exit

? 5

Watch the movie, Inside Job and the PBS Documentary the Ascent of Money.

What is your analysis of the cause of the Global Financial Meltdown and the resultant bailout of the large US Banks and Insurance Companies such as AIG? You can answer any of the additional questions. Was this simply a failure in regulation? What ethical missteps were taken to allow such a serious blow that affected so many people in the form of lost jobs and homes? Does the blame lie with the powerful few and intense competition in an unregulated environment or is it something fundamental about human nature that causes such things to happen from time to time? Discuss these questions or pose questions of your own that deal with the root causes of the financial crisis. What role does personal consumption and our propensity to over-consume play in this (and other) financial crises?

Since the foundation of anthropology as an academic discipline, a major dimension of cultural anthropology has been to explore and compare the diversity of human groups. For this assignment, select a modern day linguistic and cultural group (other than the Dobe Ju/Hoansi) whose worldviews and cultural practices are substantially different from those in the United States (for example, the Tuareg, the Kalash, the Hmong, the Yoruba, the Quechua, the Inuit, etc.). Using at least two major themes developed in the course (economic systems, kinship and family, political organizations, etc.), explain predominant values and norms associated with this culture, contrast these with similar practices in the United States, and explain how both are increasingly affected by global processes.

Read the poem” Mother Country” by Richard Blanco.

What do you think is the overall message of the poem? Use quotes from the poem to support your answers

In your own words, explain the experiences the speaker goes through as she arrives in a new country.

What are some native characteristics that the persona holds onto from her native country and what are some things or traditions she tries to adopt? Use quotes from the poem to support your answers.

Can you relate to this poem? why or why not?

omplete the following and submit it in a Word document. Be sure to show your process and calculations:

1. Assume you have just retired as the CEO of a successful company. A major publisher has offered you a book deal. The publisher will pay you $1 million up front if you agree to write a book about your experiences. You estimate that it will take three years to write the book. The time you spend writing will cause you to give up speaking engagements amounting to $500,000 per year. You estimate your opportunity cost to be 10%.
   • Should you accept this deal? Plot a diagram that measures NPV (on the y-axis) vs. discount rate (on the x-axis) to solve this problem. (Hint: Have your scale on the x-axis go to 50% (discount rate)).
   • Determine the IRR for this deal. (Hint: IRR is the point at which NPV = 0)
2. Suppose you inform the publisher that it needs to sweeten the deal before you will accept it. The publisher offers $550,000 advance and $1,000,000 in four years when the book is published.
   • Should you accept or reject the new offer? Again, plot a diagram that measures NVP (on the y-axis) vs. discount rate (on the x-axis) to solve this problem. (Hint: Have your scale on the x-axis go to 50% (discount rate)).
   • Determine the IRRs for this deal (Hint: There are two IRRs for this problem).
   • Discuss if the IRR rule for making budgetary decisions can be used in this case.
3. Finally, you are able to get the publisher to increase your advance to $750,000, in addition to the $1 million when the book is published in four years.
   • Should you accept or reject this new offer? Again, plot a diagram that measures NVP (on the y-axis) vs. discount rate (on the x-axis) to solve this problem. (Hint: Have your scale on the x-axis go to 50% (discount rate)).
   • Determine the IRR for this deal.
4. State three conclusions regarding the use of IRR vs. NPV that you can make from questions 2–4. Which is the stronger method to use (IRR or NPV), and why?

consider the following

1) Ethical behavior is a critical concept in generalist social work practice. Review the NASW code of ethics with a particular focus on Section 3. To what degree has ethical behavior influenced decision making on issues in your life related to relationships activities with friends and college life? Consider how ethics have caused you to think through options, evaluate alternatives and solicit ideas from others. What have you learned about yourself in terms of ethical behaviors?
Refer to Chapter 3 in Cox.

2) Does it make sense for physical cognitive and developmental challenges and mental health services to be separate? why or why not?
Do you think that people with physical and cognitive challenges experience the same stigma and discrimination in employment housing and other areas? If not, how would you explain the differences?
Refer to Chapter 9 in Cox.

Introduction

Meat is one of the earliest foods discovered to have been consumed by humans. Throughout human history, meat has been the primary source of nutrition for many communities. Many different animals are used to produce meat, and these animals can be either domesticated or wild. Similarly, meat consumption has not been restricted over the centuries, even though the sources of meat in different communities have historically come from various animals. A growing number of diet conservatives and trends advocate for the consumption of only foods that come from plants. It is due to the health risks that are associated with the consumption of meat.

Working Thesis Statement: A critical argument analysis investigates what ethical concerns directly affect meat consumers in terms of what meat they choose to consume. Furthermore, environmental reasons may be a defining factor for people to decide why and how they should limit their beef consumption. The main concerns about meat consumption are the treatment of animals and the environmental impact.

Detailed Outline

1. Working Thesis Statement: A critical argument analysis investigates what ethical concerns directly affect meat consumers in terms of what meat they choose to consume. Furthermore, environmental reasons may be a defining factor for people to decide why and how they should limit their beef consumption. The main concerns about meat consumption are the treatment of animals and the environmental impact.
2. Hook with description statistics on beef consumption.
3. Introduce two concerns: humane treatment, environment

Source: Consumer acceptance of cultured meat: an updated review

1. Ethical Issues

Both the production of meat and the eating of meat are subject to moral and ethical examination because of the role that meat plays in society. The discussion does not provide any moral grounds for ethical analysis or arguments despite the availability of vegetarian alternatives and individual preferences regarding the consumption of animal meat. It is because personal tastes and preferences have nothing to do with the issue. As a consequence, the analytical investigation of ethical concerns is founded on the societal and logical perspectives of the perceptions of meat consumption in different societies.

1. Humans should have a moral High Ground.

Humans are at the helm of world dominion and thus have the responsibility to protect and preserve the earthly creation. The fact that humans are at the top of the food chain on Earth implies that they have a greater influence over the world and everything in it. Humans are at the top of the food chain; therefore, they decide what to eat and what not to eat, including animals and plants. Feinberg et al. (2019) argue that humans should use their intelligence to make the best decisions about what to eat and what to preserve for this responsibility. humans must use their moral and intellectual superiority to promote and improve animals’ welfare to achieve positive change. As a result, rather than justifying the cruelty of eating animals, this will provide moral grounds for establishing animal protection.

1. Animals have feelings, and they are intelligent to understand

It is critical to recognize that animals exhibit higher levels of cognitive responsiveness than expected. Animals have enough intelligence to understand whatever is going on in their surroundings. Animals have been slaughtered for lack of purpose since the beginning of time. In comparison to humans, they cannot feel or have relationships with animals, according to previous research. Understanding that animals experience pain and other forms of emotional expression are critical. Animals, on the other hand, can perceive feelings, see the underlying discord, and align their emotions appropriately (Bryant & Barnett, 2020). The slaughter of animals and using them as a source of meat has no justification. Therefore, animals must be treated with dignity and have the protection of humans.

1. Animals face Inhumane treatment.

The animals are handled in a way that depicts that they are going to die, and there is no insistence on taking care of them. Animals to be slaughtered have no regard for treaties according to their safety and well-being; rather, the focus is always on what the humane society will provide. For instance, animals for slaughter have no treatment, regardless of whether their safety matters (Rothgerber, 2020). Because the animals will not be slaughtered for meat, livestock keepers are not required to provide basic care.

Source 1: Understanding the process of moralization: How eating meat becomes a moral issue.

Source 2: Consumer acceptance of cultured meat: an updated review

• Environmental Issues

Butchering animals for their meat is closely associated with several environmental problems. Environmental principles are important for the environment itself and the effects they have on people, other animals, and plants. Environmental principles are important. The problems that affect the environment are a major cause for concern because they may be more significant than what the human community thinks affects them.

1. The increase in Carbon emissions

Large herds of cattle raised for slaughter are a significant source of CO2 and methane gas. Over The years, there has been a significant increase in greenhouse gases, accelerating climatic changes and weather conditions. The gases contaminate the air and contribute to the increasing effects of greenhouse gases on the environment. Consequently, there are adverse effects on agricultural production and overall climatic conditions (Bryant & Barnett, 2020). Large herds also contribute to environmental contamination due to the large amount of meat produced by animals raised for meat. The manure also neatly affects groundwater through leaching and surface washing of the manure, which deposits in natural sources of water like rivers and water reservoirs.

1. Annihilation of Wildlife

Culturing feed for meat-producing animals and rearing animals on expansive tracts of land go hand in hand. Clearing large areas of forest and natural vegetation to make way for farms that grow animal feed helps to preserve large tracts of land. However, this practice destroys large areas of natural vegetation and forest. For instance, raising livestock requires a sufficient amount of pasture, and farmers cultivate large tracts of land to grow pastures and produce animal feeds. When natural vegetation and forests are cut down, the animals’ natural habitats are eradicated, which can devastate their populations (Rothgerber, 2020). Consequently, the wild animals will not have access to good areas for food gathering and habitat. As a result of the destruction of their habitat, the wildlife is now compelled to look for new homes and has altered their patterns of reproduction as a direct result.

1. Antibiotics

Raising large herds of animals results in a significant increase in the amount of meat produced. More intensive farming practices are required when raising large herds of animals like cattle in order to keep the animals healthy and free from disease. The vaccination and treatment of large herds of cattle in large quantities are the only ways to protect against the disease (Feinberg et al., 2019). Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have arisen due to the widespread practice of administering antibiotics in large doses to treat and eradicate the bacteria that cause diarrhea. It is becoming increasingly difficult to manage bacterial diseases as they spread to other animals.

Source 1: Understanding the process of moralization: How eating meat becomes a moral issue.

Source 2: Meat-related cognitive dissonance: A conceptual framework for understanding how meat eaters reduce negative arousal from eating animals.

Source 3: Animal ethics and eating animals: Consumer segmentation based on domain-specific values.

1. Health Benefits of Meat
2. Meat is a source of protein

One of the most common protein sources in human civilization’s history is meat. There are a lot of different places to get protein, but one of the most common places is meat. In the communities of traditional hunter-gatherers, the community kept animals to gather meat (Rothgerber, 2020). Meat is present in almost every meal eaten in the modern world, from pizza to hamburgers, both of which are examples of foods that billions of people worldwide consume daily.

1. Meat from natural rearing is healthier in comparison to modern foods.

Cattle reared using traditional methods are allowed access to natural sources of pasture. The natural consumption of the pastures by the calves provides them with the necessary nutrients at the appropriate times. Due to the animals’ consumption of inconsistent feed ratios, they are not susceptible to the effects of the environment (Holker, von Meyer-Hofer, & Spiller, 2019). Because of this, the animals are in better health, and their meat consumption is beneficial for providing a nutritional supplement.

Source 1: Understanding the process of moralization: How eating meat becomes a moral issue.

Source 2: Meat-related cognitive dissonance: A conceptual framework for understanding how meat eaters reduce negative arousal from eating animals.

1. Counterargument
2. Meat Eating is no longer Sustainable

Human civilization is evolving rapidly, and the food demands of previous decades and centuries differ from the current demands. The world is seeing the development of different sources of foods that complement meat or can replace the consumption of meat. Additionally, there are many sources of meat that provide meat plentifully and faster in comparison to traditional meat sources. It is also evident that the contemporary world is not similar to the previous world regarding meat demand and consumption, as we are no longer hunter-gatherer societies that depend solely on meat as food and livestock as their livelihood (Feinberg et al., 2019). The modern world has also seen animals like pigs, cattle, and chickens kept in large numbers in limited spaces, needing plenty of water, pastures, and land. However, with decreasing land sizes, this venture is no longer sustainable. The rearing of meat animals is becoming inefficient. As a result, as the human population grows, so will the competition for scarce resources.

Source 1: Understanding the process of moralization: How eating meat becomes a moral issue.

Source 2: Meat-related cognitive dissonance: A conceptual framework for understanding how meat eaters reduce negative arousal from eating animals.

1. Conclusion
2. There is no substantial argument against eating meat, and there is no evidence as to why there are genuine concerns when one considers the ethical and environmental arguments against doing so.
3. Sustainable farming methods may provide the grounds for environmental concerns about eating and producing meat. However, they cannot override that climate change is a major factor for the world and the coming generations. Because humans are the custodians of the Earth, they are responsible for the upkeep of everything that lives on it. The fact that the decision to eat meat is a personal one is essential to keep in mind. However, it is also essential to consider the influence of eating meat on ethics and the environment.

Source 1: Meat-related cognitive dissonance: A conceptual framework for understanding how meat eaters reduce negative arousal from eating animals.

Reflecting Questions

1. Learning to conduct research is important because it is a skill you will use both in academia and in your professional life. It improves critical thinking and empowers you to find information for yourself. Consider the process of researching as a whole. What was the most challenging aspect of the process for you? (2-3 sentences)

The most challenging aspect of the research process is identifying the appropriate materials to use as sources of information. Most resources do not provide an in-depth analysis of the topic, and their research and scholarly evidence must be properly aligned. For this reason, I chose the sources with the most detailed analysis.

2. The working thesis statement is a proposed answer to your research question. It should clearly identify a debatable topic and take a position on one side of that topic. Analyze the effectiveness of your working thesis statement. (3-4 sentences)

The thesis statement is vital in providing the trajectory and outline of the discussions. Providing a one-sided scope of analysis means that the research will follow a specific projection that strengthens the argument’s discussion sides. It is simple to establish an appropriate outline for discussing the ideas using the thesis as a reference. Through the discussion, I will substantiate why the research question weighs the discussion.

3. A detailed outline is an effective tool for laying out the progression of an argument. It allows you to consider the arrangement and organization of your ideas, as well as choose places to incorporate outside source materials. Review your detailed outline and summarize the argument you’ve presented. (3-4 sentences)

Addressing the discussion points from the point of reference to the thesis and the outline provides a follow-through network necessary for explaining the facts. The outline provides the framework for discussing each evidence and point of argument step by step and in detail. Discuss the research question concerning the working conditions, develop the argument, and finally acknowledge the inappropriate meat consumption concerning ethical and environmental concerns.

4. You will use the same topic on three of the remaining Touchstones in this course. What kind of feedback would be helpful for you? What are specific questions you might have as you go deeper into the research process? (2-3 sentences)

It will be interesting to have the opportunity to discuss the topic again. Additional insight will be defining for me as it is vital for providing a different angle on the argument. I want more clarification on the organization and structuring of the research paper.

References

Bryant, C., & Barnett, J. (2020). Consumer acceptance of cultured meat: an updated review (2018–2020). Applied Sciences, 10(15), 5201.

Feinberg, M., Kovacheff, C., Teper, R., & Inbar, Y. (2019). Understanding the process of moralization: How eating meat becomes a moral issue. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 117(1), 50.

Hölker, S., von Meyer-Höfer, M., & Spiller, A. (2019). Animal ethics and eating animals: Consumer segmentation based on domain-specific values. Sustainability, 11(14), 3907.

Rothgerber, H. (2020). Meat-related cognitive dissonance: A conceptual framework for understanding how meat eaters reduce negative arousal from eating animals. Appetite, 146, 104511.