1. What does “function” mean in architectural discourse, especially in relationship to nineteenth century theories of evolution? Give two examples of functional architecture and the historic context from which they emerged

2. Describe two types of urbanism, or two very different examples of urban design. Use ideas from the course to describe the different landscapes created by these urban paradigms and their implications for the meaning of the city and it everyday life.

3. Explain some of the ideas of one of the following architect/writers: A. Siegfried Giedion B. Hermann Muthesius C. Denise Scott Brown What did she or he write about? What was she or he standing for or against? What kind of new architecture was influenced by these ideas?

4. Describe an instance when architectural discourse recognized a fundamental problem in how its practice related to the changing conditions of the built environment in its time, and give an example of one designer, writer, or movement that attempted to either solve this problem or reframe the issue in a new way.

5. How might a piece of writing change the nature of architecture, for instance as a history, a manifesto, or a critique? How does writing work in architecture, including strategies of tone and relationship to audience? Give at least one example of a piece of writing that influenced the architecture that came after it, and explain how this worked.

6. How does the idea of utopia relate to the social responsibility of design? Give an example of utopian or dystopian thinking from the history of architectural discourse, and explain how it worked as a proposal or critique of social conditions in its time.