Dermal tissues

are tissues that cover and protect the plant body.

Vascular tissues

are tissues that distribute water and nutrients through a vascular plant body.

Assessment question

Which of the following is a simple tissue composed of living cells with unevenly thickened walls that provide flexible support to the plant?

Collenchyma

Parenchyma

Sclerenchyma

Assessment question

Which of the following describes the phloem?

Complex vascular tissue composed of dead tracheids and vessel elements that distribute water and mineral ions

Dermal tissue that is the outermost layer of a young plant

Complex vascular tissue composed of living sieve elements and tubes that distribute sugar and other organic solutes

Dermal tissue that forms a protective cover on older stems and roots

Assessment question

Monocots

have a single seed leaf or cotyledon in their embryos.

Eudicots

have two cotyledons in their embryos.

Assessment question

Which of the following stem modifications are defined as flattened, photosynthetic stems specialized to store water?

Corms

Stem tubers

Cladodes

Bulbs

Assessment question

In which of the following leaf structures does gas exchange between the inside and outside of the leaf initially occur?

Epidermis

Xylem vessel

Palisade mesophyll

Stomates

Assessment question

Which of the following is a swollen root structure in some plants that contains mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Mycorrhizae

Root nodule

Root hair

Vascular cylinder

Assessment question

Dermal tissues

are tissues that cover and protect the plant body.

Vascular tissues

are tissues that distribute water and nutrients through a vascular plant body.

Assessment question

Which of the following is a simple tissue composed of living cells with unevenly thickened walls that provide flexible support to the plant?

Collenchyma

Parenchyma

Sclerenchyma

Assessment question

Which of the following describes the phloem?

Complex vascular tissue composed of dead tracheids and vessel elements that distribute water and mineral ions

Dermal tissue that is the outermost layer of a young plant

Complex vascular tissue composed of living sieve elements and tubes that distribute sugar and other organic solutes

Dermal tissue that forms a protective cover on older stems and roots

Assessment question

Monocots

have a single seed leaf or cotyledon in their embryos.

Eudicots

have two cotyledons in their embryos.

Assessment question

Which of the following stem modifications are defined as flattened, photosynthetic stems specialized to store water?

Corms

Stem tubers

Cladodes

Bulbs

Assessment question

In which of the following leaf structures does gas exchange between the inside and outside of the leaf initially occur?

Epidermis

Xylem vessel

Palisade mesophyll

Stomates

Assessment question

Which of the following is a swollen root structure in some plants that contains mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Mycorrhizae

Root nodule

Root hair

Vascular cylinder

Assessment question

Which of the following are stages of the cohesion-tension theory of water transport in plants? Select all that apply.

This tension extends from aboveground leaves to belowground roots, and the cohesion between the molecules in these columns pulls water from the soil into the roots.

Water evaporates from leaves and other aboveground plant parts via open stomata.

Evaporation exerts tension and pulls on the narrow columns of water that fill xylem tubes.

Assessment question

Transpiration

consists of the evaporation of water from aboveground plant parts.

Translocation

consists of the movement of organic molecules through phloem.

Assessment question

Which of the following are stages in the translocation of sugars through the phloem? Select all that apply.

Not all correct answers selected

At a sink region, sugars move from sieve elements into sink cells, and water follows by osmosis.

The increase in solute concentration causes the fluid in the sieve element to become hypertonic, and this causes water to move by osmosis into the sieve element.

At a source region, sugars move into a companion cell, then into a sieve element.

The influx of water into the sieve element generates turgor pressure, which pushes the fluid through the sieve tube toward a sink region with lower turgor.

Assessment question

Which of the following is NOT true of primary growth?

Roots and shoots lengthen.

It occurs at the apical meristem.

It occurs in the lateral buds of plants.

It occurs at the lateral meristem.

Assessment question

Which of the following is produced on the outer surface of the vascular cambium?

Secondary phloem

Primary phloem

Secondary xylem

Cork

Assessment question

Which of the following defines the wood of a plant?

The accumulated secondary xylem inside the ring of vascular cambium in older plants

Secondary growth tissue that waterproofs, insulates, and protects the surface of older stems and roots

Lateral meristem that produces cork

An informal term for all living and dead tissues outside the ring of the vascular cambium

Assessment question

A

sink

is a region of a plant where sugars are being used. A

source

is a region of a plant where sugars are being produced or released from storage.

Assessment question

Under which of the following conditions are the stomata typically closed?

Wet atmospheric conditions

Dry atmospheric conditions

Sunrise