Problem solving- Calculations & Problem solving
3.1 Coupling coordination degree model
Coupling coordination degree model is one that refers to that which after, the whole is divided into multiple subsystems, and the overall function and role are inseparable from the coordination degree between the subsystems. Only when the degree of coordination between the subsystems is high can the overall effect be maximized. The higher the degree of coupling, the greater the degree of interaction between systems, and vice versa.
The regular formula for measuring the coupling coordination degree is as follows:
(3.1.1)
Where Ui denotes the development level of system I in which the value is between 0 and 1.
The state of interaction between the Gulf of Guinea Port and the hinterland economy can be defined as a coupling coordination degree model. This interaction between the two systems can be reflected in a close relationship. The excellent development of the hinterland economy can support the development of the port via sufficient investments and efficient demands for transportation. As the foreign trade in the hinterland, the excellent development of port can also provide employment opportunities and drive the growth of the economy of the hinterland. For the evaluation of the coordination development relationship of the port of Guinea and the economic system of the hinterland, the following model can be established:
(3.1.2)
Where: and
C represents the coupling degree function of the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland economic system, and U1 and U2 represent the development level of the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland financial system. bk and ds are the weights of indicators of the two subsystems, and yk and ύs are the standardized values of the hands of subsystems of the coupling coordination degree model. However, K and S are the numbers of indicators of the two subsystems. The model also allows us to measure the association degree between the subsystems. The significant shortcoming in this regard is that when both systems’ development levels are low, there are still chances of the coupling degree reaching a more substantial value. The coupling coordination degree is adopted to measure the degree of collaborative development between the two systems to establish the model successfully and avoid shortcomings.
(3.1.3)
(3.1.4)
Here D represents the coupling coordination degree, and T represents the comprehensive coordination degree between the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland economic system. The degree is valued between 0 and 1. If the value is closer to zero, it indicates a lower level of collaborative development of the two subsystems, while the weight closer to 1 indicates a higher level of joint development.
Figures: (3.1a) Basic types of coupling coordination models
(3.1b) Improved coupling coordination degree model
The uniform distribution function method can finally be adopted to bring coordination development level between the subsystems. It is divided into three stages and ten types based on values as showcased on table 3.1 below:
Table 3.1 Classification criterion for identifying the coordinated development relationship
| Stage | Range | Coordination states | Range |
|
Stage of disorder |
D ϵ (0, 0.4) |
Serious imbalance
Disorders (severe) Moderate disorders Mild disorders |
(0, 0.1)
(0.1, 0.2) (0.2, 0.3) (0.3, 0.4) |
| Stage of transition | D ϵ (0.4, 0.6) | On the verge of disorder
Mild coordination Primary coordination |
(0.4, 0.5)
(0.5, 0.6) (0.6, 0.7) |
| Stage of coordinated development | D ϵ (0.6, 1) | Intermediate coordinate
Good coordination Perfect coordination |
(0.7, 0.8)
(0.8, 0.9) (0.9, 1) |
Coordination and collaboration activities between ports (exemplified on Figure 3.2) aim to help a port authority legitimize its expansion by taking on a more hands-on role as a landlord, which is good for everyone involved. Investments in enlisting supply chain participants at the port and in the hinterland are primarily motivating the development of coordination mechanisms in order to accommodate rising traffic volumes. Environmental concerns, a lack of available land for port growth, and monopolistic competition among terminal operators all point to a need for a more proactive involvement on the part of port authorities. With the use of integrated methods and collaboration strategies with other port authorities, coordination plans have been developed by port authorities.
Figure 3.2 Port Coordination Scheme
According to Martnez-Zarzoso and Hoffmann (2007), if economic measures were implemented to promote and expand port connectivity, it would cut the costs of transportation and, as a result, increase international trade in commodities. In particular, they discovered that a one percent improvement in connectivity in Latin American countries would lower the costs of transportation by one point ninety percent and increase commerce by one point thirty-three percent.
Figure 3.3 Gulf of Guinea Port Geographical Location
3.1 Coupling coordination degree model
Coupling coordination degree model is one that refers to that which after, the whole is divided into multiple subsystems, and the overall function and role are inseparable from the coordination degree between the subsystems. Only when the degree of coordination between the subsystems is high can the overall effect be maximized. The higher the degree of coupling, the greater the degree of interaction between systems, and vice versa.
The regular formula for measuring the coupling coordination degree is as follows:
(3.1.1)
Where Ui denotes the development level of system I in which the value is between 0 and 1.
The state of interaction between the Gulf of Guinea Port and the hinterland economy can be defined as a coupling coordination degree model. This interaction between the two systems can be reflected in a close relationship. The excellent development of the hinterland economy can support the development of the port via sufficient investments and efficient demands for transportation. As the foreign trade in the hinterland, the excellent development of port can also provide employment opportunities and drive the growth of the economy of the hinterland. For the evaluation of the coordination development relationship of the port of Guinea and the economic system of the hinterland, the following model can be established:
(3.1.2)
Where: and
C represents the coupling degree function of the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland economic system, and U1 and U2 represent the development level of the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland financial system. bk and ds are the weights of indicators of the two subsystems, and yk and ύs are the standardized values of the hands of subsystems of the coupling coordination degree model. However, K and S are the numbers of indicators of the two subsystems. The model also allows us to measure the association degree between the subsystems. The significant shortcoming in this regard is that when both systems’ development levels are low, there are still chances of the coupling degree reaching a more substantial value. The coupling coordination degree is adopted to measure the degree of collaborative development between the two systems to establish the model successfully and avoid shortcomings.
(3.1.3)
(3.1.4)
Here D represents the coupling coordination degree, and T represents the comprehensive coordination degree between the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland economic system. The degree is valued between 0 and 1. If the value is closer to zero, it indicates a lower level of collaborative development of the two subsystems, while the weight closer to 1 indicates a higher level of joint development.
Figures: (3.1a) Basic types of coupling coordination models
(3.1b) Improved coupling coordination degree model
The uniform distribution function method can finally be adopted to bring coordination development level between the subsystems. It is divided into three stages and ten types based on values as showcased on table 3.1 below:
Table 3.1 Classification criterion for identifying the coordinated development relationship
| Stage | Range | Coordination states | Range |
|
Stage of disorder |
D ϵ (0, 0.4) |
Serious imbalance
Disorders (severe) Moderate disorders Mild disorders |
(0, 0.1)
(0.1, 0.2) (0.2, 0.3) (0.3, 0.4) |
| Stage of transition | D ϵ (0.4, 0.6) | On the verge of disorder
Mild coordination Primary coordination |
(0.4, 0.5)
(0.5, 0.6) (0.6, 0.7) |
| Stage of coordinated development | D ϵ (0.6, 1) | Intermediate coordinate
Good coordination Perfect coordination |
(0.7, 0.8)
(0.8, 0.9) (0.9, 1) |
Coordination and collaboration activities between ports (exemplified on Figure 3.2) aim to help a port authority legitimize its expansion by taking on a more hands-on role as a landlord, which is good for everyone involved. Investments in enlisting supply chain participants at the port and in the hinterland are primarily motivating the development of coordination mechanisms in order to accommodate rising traffic volumes. Environmental concerns, a lack of available land for port growth, and monopolistic competition among terminal operators all point to a need for a more proactive involvement on the part of port authorities. With the use of integrated methods and collaboration strategies with other port authorities, coordination plans have been developed by port authorities.
Figure 3.2 Port Coordination Scheme
According to Martnez-Zarzoso and Hoffmann (2007), if economic measures were implemented to promote and expand port connectivity, it would cut the costs of transportation and, as a result, increase international trade in commodities. In particular, they discovered that a one percent improvement in connectivity in Latin American countries would lower the costs of transportation by one point ninety percent and increase commerce by one point thirty-three percent.
Figure 3.3 Gulf of Guinea Port Geographical Location
