In this assignment you are required to:

• Document the solutions as set out in the assignment requirements in a clear manner.
• All visualizations and analytics are based on the HR excel dataset attached.
• Submit your assignment documentation online via Blackboard

Exploratory Data Analysis using SAS Studio Analytics

Requirements:

Conduct an Exploratory Data Analysis for the given dataset using SAS Studio. You may include the following in your analysis.

1. Derive a suitable visualization for the corresponding HR dataset. You may analyse the data using any five (5) types of graphs in SAS Studio. Write a short analysis based on the outcome of the graph. [15 marks]

3.1 Coupling coordination degree model

Coupling coordination degree model is one that refers to that which after, the whole is divided into multiple subsystems, and the overall function and role are inseparable from the coordination degree between the subsystems. Only when the degree of coordination between the subsystems is high can the overall effect be maximized. The higher the degree of coupling, the greater the degree of interaction between systems, and vice versa.

The regular formula for measuring the coupling coordination degree is as follows:

(3.1.1)

Where U_i denotes the development level of system I in which the value is between 0 and 1.

The state of interaction between the Gulf of Guinea Port and the hinterland economy can be defined as a coupling coordination degree model. This interaction between the two systems can be reflected in a close relationship. The excellent development of the hinterland economy can support the development of the port via sufficient investments and efficient demands for transportation. As the foreign trade in the hinterland, the excellent development of port can also provide employment opportunities and drive the growth of the economy of the hinterland. For the evaluation of the coordination development relationship of the port of Guinea and the economic system of the hinterland, the following model can be established:

(3.1.2)

Where:                                  and

C represents the coupling degree function of the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland economic system, and U1 and U2 represent the development level of the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland financial system. bk and ds are the weights of indicators of the two subsystems, and yk and ύs are the standardized values of the hands of subsystems of the coupling coordination degree model. However, K and S are the numbers of indicators of the two subsystems. The model also allows us to measure the association degree between the subsystems. The significant shortcoming in this regard is that when both systems’ development levels are low, there are still chances of the coupling degree reaching a more substantial value. The coupling coordination degree is adopted to measure the degree of collaborative development between the two systems to establish the model successfully and avoid shortcomings.

(3.1.3)

(3.1.4)

Here D represents the coupling coordination degree, and T represents the comprehensive coordination degree between the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland economic system. The degree is valued between 0 and 1. If the value is closer to zero, it indicates a lower level of collaborative development of the two subsystems, while the weight closer to 1 indicates a higher level of joint development.

Figures: (3.1a) Basic types of coupling coordination models

 (3.1b) Improved coupling coordination degree model

The uniform distribution function method can finally be adopted to bring coordination development level between the subsystems. It is divided into three stages and ten types based on values as showcased on table 3.1 below:

Table 3.1 Classification criterion for identifying the coordinated development relationship

Coordination and collaboration activities between ports (exemplified on Figure 3.2) aim to help a port authority legitimize its expansion by taking on a more hands-on role as a landlord, which is good for everyone involved. Investments in enlisting supply chain participants at the port and in the hinterland are primarily motivating the development of coordination mechanisms in order to accommodate rising traffic volumes. Environmental concerns, a lack of available land for port growth, and monopolistic competition among terminal operators all point to a need for a more proactive involvement on the part of port authorities. With the use of integrated methods and collaboration strategies with other port authorities, coordination plans have been developed by port authorities.

Figure 3.2 Port Coordination Scheme

According to Martnez-Zarzoso and Hoffmann (2007), if economic measures were implemented to promote and expand port connectivity, it would cut the costs of transportation and, as a result, increase international trade in commodities. In particular, they discovered that a one percent improvement in connectivity in Latin American countries would lower the costs of transportation by one point ninety percent and increase commerce by one point thirty-three percent.

Figure 3.3 Gulf of Guinea Port Geographical Location

3.1 Coupling coordination degree model

Coupling coordination degree model is one that refers to that which after, the whole is divided into multiple subsystems, and the overall function and role are inseparable from the coordination degree between the subsystems. Only when the degree of coordination between the subsystems is high can the overall effect be maximized. The higher the degree of coupling, the greater the degree of interaction between systems, and vice versa.

The regular formula for measuring the coupling coordination degree is as follows:

(3.1.1)

Where U_i denotes the development level of system I in which the value is between 0 and 1.

The state of interaction between the Gulf of Guinea Port and the hinterland economy can be defined as a coupling coordination degree model. This interaction between the two systems can be reflected in a close relationship. The excellent development of the hinterland economy can support the development of the port via sufficient investments and efficient demands for transportation. As the foreign trade in the hinterland, the excellent development of port can also provide employment opportunities and drive the growth of the economy of the hinterland. For the evaluation of the coordination development relationship of the port of Guinea and the economic system of the hinterland, the following model can be established:

(3.1.2)

Where:                                  and

C represents the coupling degree function of the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland economic system, and U1 and U2 represent the development level of the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland financial system. bk and ds are the weights of indicators of the two subsystems, and yk and ύs are the standardized values of the hands of subsystems of the coupling coordination degree model. However, K and S are the numbers of indicators of the two subsystems. The model also allows us to measure the association degree between the subsystems. The significant shortcoming in this regard is that when both systems’ development levels are low, there are still chances of the coupling degree reaching a more substantial value. The coupling coordination degree is adopted to measure the degree of collaborative development between the two systems to establish the model successfully and avoid shortcomings.

(3.1.3)

(3.1.4)

Here D represents the coupling coordination degree, and T represents the comprehensive coordination degree between the Gulf of Guinea Port and its hinterland economic system. The degree is valued between 0 and 1. If the value is closer to zero, it indicates a lower level of collaborative development of the two subsystems, while the weight closer to 1 indicates a higher level of joint development.

Figures: (3.1a) Basic types of coupling coordination models

 (3.1b) Improved coupling coordination degree model

The uniform distribution function method can finally be adopted to bring coordination development level between the subsystems. It is divided into three stages and ten types based on values as showcased on table 3.1 below:

Table 3.1 Classification criterion for identifying the coordinated development relationship

Coordination and collaboration activities between ports (exemplified on Figure 3.2) aim to help a port authority legitimize its expansion by taking on a more hands-on role as a landlord, which is good for everyone involved. Investments in enlisting supply chain participants at the port and in the hinterland are primarily motivating the development of coordination mechanisms in order to accommodate rising traffic volumes. Environmental concerns, a lack of available land for port growth, and monopolistic competition among terminal operators all point to a need for a more proactive involvement on the part of port authorities. With the use of integrated methods and collaboration strategies with other port authorities, coordination plans have been developed by port authorities.

Figure 3.2 Port Coordination Scheme

According to Martnez-Zarzoso and Hoffmann (2007), if economic measures were implemented to promote and expand port connectivity, it would cut the costs of transportation and, as a result, increase international trade in commodities. In particular, they discovered that a one percent improvement in connectivity in Latin American countries would lower the costs of transportation by one point ninety percent and increase commerce by one point thirty-three percent.

Figure 3.3 Gulf of Guinea Port Geographical Location

PART 1: ACADEMIC INTEGRITY MODULE (3 marks)

Complete the Academic integrity micro-credential: https://www.rmit.edu.au/study-with-us/levels-of-study/short-courses/academic-integrity-awareness

You will receive a certificate when you complete the micro-credential and Submit the certificate under submission point 2.

PART 2: SCENARIO ANALYSIS (47 marks)

Please submit your final assessment under submission point 3

You are a financial advisor who regularly educates new clients about how market and economic systems work to take the mystery and fear out of investing. You have found that when clients understand how things work behind the scenes, they feel more confident in continuing to invest throughout their lives, regardless of the doom and gloom that they may see or hear in the news. In this report, you are asked to address questions that your new client Leo has and help him to have a better understanding of financial markets.

1.    Understanding Different Asset Classes

(TOTAL 15 MARKS)

a)    There are many ways to invest money. Suppose that Joe wonders what investment options he can choose from. In the following table there are different assets, chose three of them and fill in related columns. You should also provide an example for each of them.

(6 marks)

b)    Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) offers a bill facility to corporate clients. The bank website explains the terms and conditions of Bills of Exchange. https://www.anz.com/documents/FXOnline/Bbills123.pdf

Use a diagram to describe the structure of a bank bill. In your explanation, clearly distinguish the roles of the parties associated with the bill issue.

(5 marks)

c)    In June 2020, Singapore Airlines Limited undertook a renounceable rights issue of new ordinary shares in the capital of the company and mandatory convertible bonds to entitled shareholders.

·         Explain the renounceable rights issue of ordinary shares and discuss the advantages and disadvantages.                                                           (2 marks)

·         Explain to Leo what is convertible bonds and why would Singapore Airlines undertake mandatory convertible bonds to entitled shareholders?

(2 marks)

2.    Central Banks, Monetary Policy and Interest Rates

(TOTAL 14 MARKS)

1. Market participants, including financial institutions, fund managers and corporations, must understand monetary policy setting impacts on economic activity and the business cycle. A central bank will typically implement monetary policy settings in order to achieve certain economic outcomes over a business cycle. Choose two countries from the list below, describe the intermediate target for monetary policy, and explain the implementation process of the monetary policy in the two countries you selected. Give examples of different economic indicators that may give an insight into the future stages of a business cycle.

• the United States
• Australia
• Singapore
• China
• Russia
• New Zealand
  • marks)

1. In 7^th Sep, for the fifth time this year, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) increased the cash rate by 0.5%. The current cash rate is 2.35%. Explain to Leo how the monetary policy transmits to the overall economy. Explain how the high cash rate affects imports and exports in Australia and provide an example for your reason.

(4 marks)

2020. Obtain weekly data from Refinitiv Eikon and plot the interest rates (bid and ask mid- rate) on 2-year commonwealth government bond (AU2Y-TBOND) and 10 year commonwealth government bond (au 10Y-TBOND) from June 2020. Determine the shape of the yield curve by using one of the interest rate theories you know and share your opinion on whether the Australian economy is heading for a boom or for a recession. Explain your choice.

(4 marks)

3. Derivative Securities

(TOTAL 8 MARKS)

1. Leo knows that the primary purpose of a futures contract is the management of risk exposures. Provide more explanation about its key features and also with an example explain pros and cons of futures contacts.

(2 marks)

136. Leo bought Amazon shares at 140$ in August and after a couple of weeks it dropped to 45$ in Mid of September, so based on this risky and high volatility situation of stock markets, he is looking to control his risk by the option contract. Leo needs your advice on using options contracts. The following table shows a list of options for you to choose from. Further, suppose that each contract contains 100 shares

• Please specify the moneyness of the above options. Are they in the money, at the money, or out of the money?

(3 marks)

• Explain the type of risk that Leo is facing and which option is your suggestion to control his risk, provide your reason and explain it.

(3 marks)

4. Fund Management

(TOTAL 10 MARKS)

1. Managed funds are often categorised by the type of investments purchased by the fund. These include capital stable funds, balanced growth funds and managed capital growth funds. For each of these funds, discuss the types of investments the fund might accumulate and explain the purpose of the investment strategies. If Leo is identified as a risk-averse investor, which type of fund would you recommend Leo to consider investing in?

(4 marks)

3. The risk free rate in Australia in Jun 2022 was 3.37%. Based on the following information for three different funds A, B and C in Australia. Calculate the Coefficient of variation, Sharpe and Jensen Indices of performance for these funds and interpret the results.

(4 marks)

1. Obtain information on the following two funds:

• Colonial First State Developing Companies Fund
• Vanguard Australian Shares High Yield Fund

Compare the risks to investors presented by each of these funds and identify the types of investors that would favour these funds.

(2 marks)

(TOTAL 15+14+8+10 = 47 MARKS)

For a health care organization to survive and grow, it requires capital. Effective capital management is vital for the business to function, especially in health care sectors that exist with such narrow profit margins. Your business operations skill is important to be able to identify risks associated with various financing options for capital projects that fund growth, purchase equipment, and build new facilities.

Preparing for the Assignment

Create this assignment using Microsoft® PowerPoint®.

Assignment Directions

Create a 12- to 15-slide presentation with detailed speaker notes in which you:

-150 words or more for speaker notes and please make them flow. Not just bullet points.

-13 slides is appropriate not including title page.

• Evaluate effective working capital-management techniques.
• Evaluate alternative capital projects.
• Analyze risks associated with capital projects.
• Describe the decision-making factors in lease versus buy.
• Describe the effect of financing strategies on the cost of capital.
• Describe the benefits and risks of debt financing.

Incorporate appropriate use of images or other multimedia in your presentation.

Cite any sources, images, and multimedia included in your presentation.

 Please show all your works and use 4 decimal points in your answers.
 All interest rates herein are expressed with continuous compounding.
 In case you need to make assumptions, please clearly state them. Only reasonable
assumptions are acceptable. Assumptions that violate finance principles are not to be
made.
 For numerical questions, simply calculating the numbers out will not be sufficient.
Please also provide me with the reasons for your calculations. Correct thinking
processes are much more important than correct numbers. Therefore, regardless of
whether or not your numbers are correct, no marks will be given if (a) no explanation
of your calculations is provided; or (b) the explanation provided is incorrect. On the
other hand, even if your numbers are incorrect, partial marks will be given if your
thinking process is correct.
 Please note that marks can only be given based on what you write. Therefore, I request
that you attempt to convey your ideas to me as clearly as possible. I will not make a
guess as to what you intend to mean if you do not make it obvious and clear.
 When your answers involve taking positions in securities or lending/borrowing, please
mention all the relevant details such as the timing of the transactions, the side of the
contracts (e.g., long or short forward), the length of the contracts (e.g., 6-month
futures), the exercise prices (in case of options) and the interest rates (in case of lending
or borrowing).

2
1) (3 points) Consider an index-linked note that has a maturity of 3 years. Suppose you
buy this note today (say, with a principal of $100). After three years, you will get the
principal back plus interest at the rate equal to the percentage increase in the TSX 60
stock index over the three-year period up to 30%. If the index declines over the threeyear period, the interest will be zero.
As an example, suppose that the TSX 60 index today is 800. The percentage return on
the note will be as follows:
– If after 3 years, the index is ≤ 800, the percentage return on the note will be
zero (i.e., you will only get the principal back).
– If after 3 years, the index is between 800 and 1,040 (i.e., an increase of up
to 30% over the three-year period), the percentage return on the note will
be equal to the percentage increase in the index.
– If after 3 years, the index is > 1,040 (i.e., an increase of > 30% over the
three-year period), the percentage return on the note will be 30%.
Please explain how you can replicate the payoffs of this note.
2) (3 points) You want to short a 6-month forward contract on a stock. You contacted
your bank and were offered a forward price of $39.85 [Note: This forward price is
available only to customers who want to take a short position. Customers who want to
take a long position will get a different quote.]. You also observe the following
information:
– Current price of the stock = $40
– Expected dividend on the stock = $0.50, payable 3 months from now
– Your spot 3-month lending rate = 2.50% p.a. [i.e., This is the rate that you will
get if you lend money for 3 months, starting now.]
– Your spot 3-month borrowing rate = 4.00% p.a. [i.e., This is the rate that you
will have to pay if you borrow money for 3 months, starting now.]
– Your transaction cost in buying one stock in the spot market = $0.10, payable
at the time of the transaction.
– Your transaction cost in short selling one stock in the spot market = $0.20,
payable at the time of the transaction (This already includes the transaction cost
for closing out the short-sale transaction).
What is the minimum 6-month spot lending rate that you need to get in order for you
to reject the bank’s offer?
3
3) (3 points) A friend of yours believes that Apple stock is now overvalued. As a result,
she expects that their stock price, now at $140 per share, will not go up any further.
She is prepared to back up her conviction by offering you the following bet. If in
exactly one year from now Apple stock price is higher than $140/share, she will give
you two hundred times the amount of the difference (e.g., suppose the price in one year
is $145 per share, you will get $1,000). On the other hand, if the price in one year ends
up below $140/share, you will have to give her two hundred times the amount of the
difference (e.g., suppose the price in one year is $137 per share, you will have to give
her $600). Suppose that the expected return on Apple stock is 10% p.a. Suppose also
that the current risk-free rate is 2% p.a. and Apple does not plan to pay dividends in the
next year. What is the value of this bet to you?
Hint: Write out the payoff function of this bet. What does it look like to you?
4) (3 points) Your boss is offering you a choice between two bonus schemes. Under the
first scheme, you will receive a sum of $20,000 per year for three years, with the first
payment starting one year from now. Under the second scheme, you will receive 100
shares of your company’s stocks per year for three years, with the first payment starting
one year from now.
You observe the following information:
Current spot price of your company’s stock: $190/share
Spot interest rate (for both lending and borrowing): 4% p.a. for all terms
Continuous dividend yield on your company’s stock: 1% p.a.

Which bonus scheme will you choose?
Hint: The stock scheme is risky because you do not know

Please answer the following questions and provide references for your answers.

Question 1 

What is approximate Bayesian inference and give at least three examples of approximate inferential frameworks.

Question 2 

Explain what is a Latent Gaussian Model (LGM).

Question 3 

Explain what is a Gaussian Markov Random field (GMRF) and give an example thereof.

Question 4  

Explain the Laplace method as an approximate inference tool.

Learning Outcomes:

• Find some structured ways of dealing with complex managerial decision problems.
• Explain simple decision models and management science ideas that provide powerful and (often surprising) qualitative insight about large spectrum of managerial problems.
• Demonstrate the tools for deciding when and which decision models to use for specific problems.
• Build an understanding of the kind of problems that is tackled using spreadsheet modeling and decision analysis.

8.2 Action Required:

Read the following chapter of your Textbook.

Chapter 8: Non-Linear Optimization

8.3 Test your Knowledge (Question):

• Explain the various types of constraints.
• Describe the Portfolio Optimization Model.

8.4 Instructions

• Answer both questions in test your knowledge section.
• Post your answer in the discussion board using the discussion link below (Week 8: Interactive learning Discussion)

Cash Management

Ms. Amanda Truly is the new CFO of Mind and Body, Inc., which produces popular yoga and Pilates videos. Ms. Truly is concerned about the company’s cash flow management, and would like to get a better “feel” for the way cash flows are managed at Mind and Body, Inc. The CEO of the company, Mr. Lawrence Jackson, is worried about the company’s cash situation. Although the company has consistently produced positive net income, the level of its short-term borrowing is worrisome. Mr. Jackson would like Ms. Truly to construct a cash budget for next year so that they can devise a short-term financial policy that would effectively suit the company’s cash flows.

To this end, Mr. Jackson has provided Ms. Truly with the company’s most recent Statement of Comprehensive Income, Statement of Financial Position, and Cash Budget, and the following disparate information:

• Purchases from suppliers = 70% of predicted sales for the next month
• Accounts payable period = 30 days
• Wages and other expenses = 20% of predicted sales
• Capital expenditures (computer system purchase) in June = $500,000
• Long-term debt interest expense = $50,000
• Dividends = $30,000 per quarter
• Minimum cash balance = $200,000
• Short-term cost of borrowing = 13% APR, compounded monthly
• Long-term cost of borrowing = 10% APR, compounded monthly
• Income taxes from last year’s income will be paid monthly in this year
• Interest expense on accumulated short-term expense must be paid in the following month
• Customer payments: 50% in the month of sales, 30% pay in the month after sales, and 20% two months after sales
• Bad debt = ~ 2% if customers have not made payment after 60 days

Table 4: Sales Forecasts for next 13 months

Mr. Jackson asks Ms. Truly to produce a report on the current state of the company’s cash flows and short-term financing needs for a meeting next week. Ms. Truly wrote down the following tasks that must be completed prior to writing her report:

• Construct the monthly cash collections table.
• Construct the monthly cash disbursements table.
• Calculate the monthly net cash inflow.
• Construct the monthly cash budget.

In the report, Ms. Truly plans to include the cash budget as well as answers to the following questions (just sent in by Mr. Jackson):

1. What will be the predicted monthly cash deficits and surpluses, and how much short-term financing will the company need in the coming year? What can be inferred from the pattern of cash deficits and surpluses, and the pattern of requirements for short-term financing?
2. Why is depreciation expense (a large amount) not included in the cash budget?
3. Evaluate the company’s minimum cash reserve policy. What would happen to the cash budget if we changed the minimum cash reserve to $0? To $5,000? To $50,000? To $500,000? Should the company stick with its $200,000 minimum cash balance?
4. The Bank of Scotia is offering to invest the company’s surplus cash at 6% APR compounded semi-annually for a fee of $2,000 per year, payable at the end of the year. Earnings on the investment will be calculated and deposited at the end of each month. Should the company invest with the bank?
5. The sales estimates were provided by the sales department. Can we trust these figures? What can be done to overcome the forecasting risk?

Notes

1. Jackson has told Ms. Truly that he does not like looking at Excel spreadsheets (he actually said, “these gobbledygooks give me a headache”), and he requested that Ms. Truly not show him any. He would prefer a word-processed document containing the cash budget and analyses.
2. To make things easier and more efficient, Ms. Truly asked the office intern (Mr. John Jones, a third-year student in the Princess University undergraduate business program) to build a spreadsheet program that will allow them to simply enter the sales figures and quickly produce the cash budget. Mr. Jones did that, but unfortunately, he returned to his studies before he could check the accuracy of the spreadsheet program. There appears to be some errors in the program, as the numbers did not add up when Ms. Truly input the sales figures from last year. Ms. Truly can either look through the spreadsheet program (Cash Budget Builder.xlsx) and find and fix the errors, or build her own cash budget manually.
3. Note to students: Since setting up and building a budget spreadsheet is a big undertaking, you may choose to use the incorrect spreadsheet program (Cash Budget Builder.xlsx). If you do, make sure that you find and fix the errors before you do your case study analysis. One way to know that the errors have been fixed is when your cash budget reveals the same numbers as the one provided in the case.

Marking Rubric

Lección 5B Primera Parte Gramática | Interactive Activity 14 – ¿A quién conociste?

Original Post – Step 1: Using the activity above as a guide, write two separate stories – one event should be true and one event should be made up. Your classmates will have to determine which activity is a lie and which is true. See the word document attached to view the detailed instructions.

Response Post – Step 2: Read your classmates posts and try to figure out which of their stories is true and which one is made up. Respond to their posts by guessing which one you think is true and which one you think is made up. (Cierto o Falso). After someone posts their guess about your stories, response to them and tell them if they are correct or not (For example: Tienes razón, el número 1 es falso.).

Student responses:

Student 1.

Conoci a Elle en 2021. La conoci en el dormitorio de mis veinos, estaba con una amiga cuando nos conocimos. pense que eramos muy parecidos y ella era muy bonita. Ella se presento a mi, estaba muy feliz de conocerla.

Conoci a Beyonce en 2019. Estaba en mi casa cuando la conoci, estaba con kim kardashian cuando la conoci. ella era muy agradable y una gran cantante. ella se presento a mi, estaba muy nervioso por conocerla

Student 2.

conozco a Ian Ziering, Es un amigo de mi papa desde que era niño. Es un buen hombre.

conozco a Ariana grande. ella fue a mi escuela secundaria y tuve una class con ella. ella es bonita y me conoce bien.

Read Chapter 5 and write a 5-page paper explaining how social phobia can cause panic attacks and how that might develop into a disorder. Use APA 7th Edition Format.

Read the following article: Gene-Environment Interaction in Panic Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Battaglia, Marco. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Feb2013, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p69-75, 7p.