DNA mutations, damage and Repair mechanisms
1.) List and briefly describe different types of mutations. (different types of point and
chromosomal). Also discuss heritable vs non-heritable mutations (This does not mean simply defining them- think cell type, effects on individual, effects on offspring, effects on evolution)
2.) Describe, in detail, causes for mutations that occur during/end of replication. For each, use detail to describe how the mutation would occur, classify the type of mutation that results, and the effect it may have on the cell
a.) What are two causes for mutations during replication
b.) What is one cause for mutations at the end of replication.
3.) Describe, in detail, causes for mutations that occur due to byproducts of cell processes.
a.) Identify the damaging by-product and how it actually causes mutation (details!)
b.) List at least three cell processes that result in this molecule.
c.) What are the effects of this type of mutation on the cell? And then what happens?
4.) Describe, in detail, causes for mutations that occur spontaneously during a cell’s life. For each, use detail to describe what the mutation is, classify the type of mutation that results, and the effect it may have on the cell
a.) Tautomerization: (in addition to prompts above), what is a tautomer? specific examples?
b.) Depurination: (in addition to prompts above), specific examples?
c.) Deamination: (in addition to prompts above), specific examples?
5.) The environment also results in production of DNA damaging molecule(s), and can also damage DNA, directly
a.) List different environmental factors that produce ROS at a “natural rate” of mutation.
b.) List different environmental factors that are deemed “mutagenic”. Your answer should include a definition of “mutagen”
c.) List different environmental factors that directly affect DNA at a “natural rate” of mutation
DETAILED ASSIGNMENT
