1. A recent study reports that decreased vitamin D level results in higher depression scores on a clinical scale.  For this study, the independent variable is:

   1. The depression scale

   2. The mood of the patients

   3. The dosage that vitamin D were given to the participants

   4. The individuals who participated in the study.

1. A recent study reports that infant rats fed a special protein-enriched diet reached an adult weight 10% greater than litter-mates raised on a regular diet.  For this study, what is the dependent variable?

   1. The rats given the protein enriched diet

   2. The rats given the regular diet

   3. the adult weight of the rats

   4. the type of diet given to the rats

1. What type of problems in research is double-blinding technique trying to eliminate?

1. Sampling error

2. Sampling bias

3. Social desirability

4. Demand characteristics and experimenter effect

1. One study suggests that being in the bad mood may cause a person to smoke more.  Another study found that cigarette leads to increased blood pressure.  Which of the following might be the mediating variable for this increased risk of high blood pressure?

1. The study itself

2. Cigarette smoking

3. The bad mood

4. Increased blood pressure

1. In a trend-analysis of a study, you see 3 turns of direction in the independent variable’s functional relationship, you can then make a safe assumption that there are at least how many levels of independent variable in this study?

1. 3

2. 4

3. 5

4. 6

1. If you see a straight line functional relationship in IV-DV plot, this is most likely a _______ relationship

1. Linear

2. Quadratic

3. Cubic

4. Quartic

Essays:

Question #1:   Name two of the necessary steps that would make a study ethical, and describe these two processes and how they contribute to the ethical aspects of the study. (5pts)

Question #2:  What is construct validity?  List two methods that can help establishing a study/instrument’s construct validity.  Briefly describe how each method works, and how it helps to establish a study and/or an instrument’s construct validity.  (5pts)

DETAILED ASSIGNMENT

20201002050545midterm_2020_fall_no_answer